A positive or a negative confounding variable? A simple teaching aid for clinicians and students.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Anticipating the direction of a confounding variable can be problematic especially to introductory students. Using elementary rules of mathematics, we describe below a simple instructional tool for deriving the direction of confounding bias. The tool is illustrated with examples and a heuristic mathematical justification is also described.
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Annals of epidemiology
دوره 15 6 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2005